{"id":7350,"date":"2017-02-13T13:23:43","date_gmt":"2017-02-13T13:23:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.munkhafadat.com\/en\/?p=7350"},"modified":"2017-02-13T13:23:43","modified_gmt":"2017-02-13T13:23:43","slug":"authoritarianism-in-eritrea-and-the-migrant-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/munkhafadat.com\/en\/human-rights\/authoritarianism-in-eritrea-and-the-migrant-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Authoritarianism in Eritrea and the Migrant Crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Author: Zachary Laub<\/p>\n<div class=\"js-accordionItem\">\n<p>Tens of thousands of Eritreans have arrived at Europe&#8217;s shores in recent years seeking asylum. They make up a significant share of the unprecedented stream of migrants and refugees making their way to the European Union, undertaking dangerous journeys while\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/migration\/europes-migration-crisis\/p32874\">challenging the bloc<\/a>\u00a0to find a collective response consistent with the protection principles embodied in international law.<\/p>\n<p>Many more Eritreans reside in neighboring Ethiopia and Sudan, bringing the diaspora to about half a million, and making the country of six million people \u201cone of the world\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/eritreans-flee-conscription-and-poverty-adding-to-the-migrant-crisis-in-europe-1445391364?alg=y\" target=\"_blank\">fastest-emptying nations<\/a>,\u201d according to the\u00a0<em>Wall Street Journal<\/em>. The scale of the migration has heightened Western interest in conditions inside one of the world&#8217;s most closed countries, where those who have fled describe a long-standing system of forced labor, among other human rights violations, that a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/HRC\/CoIEritrea\/Pages\/commissioninquiryonhrinEritrea.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">UN commission<\/a> said \u201cmay constitute crimes against humanity.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Five thousand Eritreans leave the country each month, the UN commission found, making it one of the world&#8217;s top producers of refugees.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"js-accordionTitle\">How is Eritrea governed?<\/h5>\n<div class=\"js-accordionItem accordionItemCollapsed\">\n<p>Eritrea, Africa\u2019s second-newest state, came into being in 1991, when the Eritrean People&#8217;s Liberation Front (EPLF) broke away from Ethiopia after\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/en\/regions\/africa\/horn-of-africa\/ethiopia-eritrea\/163-eritrea-the-siege-state.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">three decades of guerrilla struggle<\/a>. Its independence was codified in a 1993 popular referendum backed by the UN. Isaias Afwerki, a guerrilla leader, became president and remade the EPLF as the People\u2019s Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). The PFDJ remains Eritrea\u2019s only legally sanctioned political party.<\/p>\n<p>Eritrea&#8217;s political culture was\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/en\/regions\/africa\/horn-of-africa\/ethiopia-eritrea\/163-eritrea-the-siege-state.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">forged in the liberation struggle<\/a>, when the guerrilla movement had little international backing and considered any dissent a threat to its survival, according to the International Crisis Group. The one-party system, a holdover from Eritrea\u2019s tumultuous birth, became entrenched as the military and ruling party refused to relinquish their privileged positions, citing external threats to the young country&#8217;s survival. National development, rather than democratic governance, was the first priority for the economically ravaged country. Though the country\u2019s rulers convened a legislature, which ratified a draft constitution in 1997, the legislature remained without authority and the constitution was never implemented. Nor were promised national elections ever held.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<p>Read more&#8230;..<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/eritrea\/authoritarianism-eritrea-migrant-crisis\/p37239\">CFR<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Author: Zachary Laub Tens of thousands of Eritreans have arrived at Europe&#8217;s shores in recent years seeking asylum. They make up a significant share of the unprecedented stream of migrants and refugees making their way to the European Union, undertaking dangerous journeys while\u00a0challenging the bloc\u00a0to find a collective response consistent with the protection principles embodied &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[200],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.12 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Authoritarianism in Eritrea and the Migrant Crisis | ELL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/munkhafadat.com\/en\/human-rights\/authoritarianism-in-eritrea-and-the-migrant-crisis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Authoritarianism in Eritrea and the Migrant Crisis | ELL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Author: Zachary Laub Tens of thousands of Eritreans have arrived at Europe&#8217;s shores in recent years seeking asylum. 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